What the Research Says About Nutrition's Role in Dementia Prevention

According to the Population Reference Bureau, a nonpartisan, not-for-profit research organization focused on improving people’s health and well-being, as the baby boomer population ages, the total number of people with dementia will rise. Dementia, a collective term for conditions characterized by cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer's disease, affects millions of people globally. If current demographic and health trends continue, more than 9 million Americans could have dementia by 2030 and nearly 12 million by 2040. Globally, by 2050, the number of people affected by dementia will approach 139 million.

With these kinds of numbers, the search for preventive strategies is more urgent than ever. One area that’s been the focal point of scientific study is the link between nutrition and dementia. The emphasis on diet as preventive measure is one of the pillars of Sodexo Seniors’ B Integrated Dining and Therapeutic Hospitality™ offer. Rooted in science and expert insights, B Integrated Dining and Therapeutic Hospitality’s adapted wellness culinary allows senior living communities to evolve their nutrition and wellness offerings and empower staff members to provide specialized care that positions residents to thrive. This holistic approach is optimized to benefit residents within independent and assisted living settings and across all levels of care, staffed with a care team of dining and clinical staff, including dietitians who not only create menus proven to support brain health, but consider everything in the residents’ environment, including noise level, table arrangement, and silverware and plate placement.

When it comes to menu development, one of the most popular diets with proven effectiveness for dementia care is the MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay). This diet combines elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, focusing on plant-based foods, lean protein sources and healthy fats. Studies, such as those published in the journal "Alzheimer's & Dementia,” have shown that adherence to the MIND diet can significantly reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. 

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly those found in fatty fish like salmon, have been associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline. Research published in "Neurology" (Virtanen et al., 2014) suggests that these fats may help to maintain brain volume and function, potentially slowing the progression of dementia. 

Foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, leafy greens and nuts, have also been linked to a lower risk of dementia. Antioxidants are believed to combat oxidative stress, a factor that contributes to brain aging and dementia. Certain vitamins, especially B vitamins and vitamin D, have also been the subject of dementia research. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, while B vitamins, particularly B6, B12 and folic acid, are being studied for their role in reducing brain atrophy and lowering levels of a molecule known as homocysteine, which is linked to dementia. 

Another area of research is exploring the connection between gut health and brain health. A diet rich in prebiotics and probiotics, which support gut health, may also benefit cognitive function. This area of research is particularly exciting as it opens new avenues for dietary interventions in dementia. 

While research is ongoing, these findings suggest that dietary choices can play a significant role in the prevention and management of dementia. The connection between nutrition and dementia is a rapidly evolving area of research, offering hope for preventive strategies and management approaches. As we continue to unravel the complexities of this relationship, it becomes increasingly clear that what we eat can have a profound impact on our cognitive health. For those looking to reduce their risk of dementia, or manage existing conditions, paying attention to diet is a promising and practical approach. Adopting a diet rich in whole foods, healthy fats, antioxidants and vitamins, while limiting processed foods, sugar and unhealthy fats, may be beneficial. As always, it's important to consult with healthcare professionals before making significant dietary changes, especially for individuals with pre-existing health conditions. 

Read our report, Re-Thinking Dementia: From Prevention Strategies to Models of Care, to learn more about the emerging thought leadership around dementia research.